Allelopathic Effect of Convolvulus arvensis L. Extracts on The Phytohormones and Cytological Processes of Zea mays L. Seeds

The effects of different methanol extracts of Convolvulus arvensis on phytohormones (indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)) levels of corn were investigated.

It was observed that all concentrations of methanol extracts (50 µl, 75 µl, 100 µl) of roots, stems and leaves of C. arvensis decreased the mitotic index and also caused abnormalities in chromosomes.

On the other hand, phytohormone levels have been changed by application of different extracts at various concentrations. Compared with the control, GA levels decreased significantly whereas ABA levels increased in all the application groups.

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Bioavailability of Sea Urchin to Aquatic Toxicity Tests

Echinoderms a wide range of valuable biological processes can be considered and can be relevant for Eco toxicological analyses. As is well known the effects of toxic chemicals and complex mixtures on early developmental stages of aquatic organisms are of great importance in the protection of the natural population’s health.

The sea urchin is one of the most sensitive and suitable test organisms for acute bioassay of pollution. The use of sea urchin embryos and gametes in testing developmental, reproductive and cytogenetic effects of chemicals and complex mixtures has been successfully developed by a number of laboratories worldwide.

The use of multispecies tests capable of accounting for the differences in sensitivity of different species to different contaminants.

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Computer assisted SOMFA Tool Validation using 3D-QSAR Study on Selective Inhibitors of Glucagon Receptor

Cheminformatics is the mixing of information resources to transform data into information and transformation of information for the decision making in the area of drug design and devlopement.

Cheminformatics involving application of computational and information tools for a range of problems in the field of drug design.It is a interconnection of computer science

and drug design for storing, retrieving, searching of information along with data.

A wide variety of computational tools are available for studying behavior of molecules which has been proved to be meaningful for designing novel molecules.Threedimensional quantitative structure-activity relations (3D-QSAR), is emerged as a powerful Cheminformatics technique which changed the area of drug discovery.

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Effect of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO) on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics in an Individual with Knee Varus Alignment

The medial compartment knee osteo arthritis (OA) is the most affected location for OA. The main knee biomechanics changes which are associated with the medial compartment knee OA are less knee flexion value (the normal mean maximum knee flexion has been shown to be 64.6° during walking, 98.6° during ascending, and 90.3 °during descending), high knee varus angle and an increased the external knee adduction moment(EKAM) during walking and stairs climbing due to shifting the knee joint centre more laterally and the centre of the load medially.

Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis

These changes lead to pain during daily activities and progression of the knee OA. The EKAM is considered as the most important variable in the frontal plan and has two peaks: The first peak is a sharp one after initial contact during early stance phase, while the second one is in the late stance phase. The first peak is affected by the amount of knee varus, joint space narrowing, OA severity, and progression level, while the second one is more correlated to the amount of toe out and pain levels. Read more>>>>>>

Direct Shoot Organogenesis from Juvenile Cotyledon of Jatropha podagrica Hook

Jatropha podagrica is a shrub commonly known as coral nut, Guatemala Rhubarb and physic nut; and it belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. It is a tropical America innate, but similarly common in southern part of Africa, Australia and warmer portions of Asia.

Jatropha podagrica Hook

Jatropha originate from “jatros” the Greek word which means doctor also ‘‘trophe’’ food, that suggests the therapeutic practises. J. podagrica under the tribe Joannesieae of the family Euphorbiaceae comprises about 165-170 identified types worldwide primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. Jatropha is a tremendously adaptive plant thus it can grow in dry lands and degraded soils. J. podagrica is a very significant plant. It is a rich source of biologically active compounds, used for antimicrobial activities. It is also a famous ornamental plant and most remarkably, a promising biodiesel plant. Some of the many secondary metabolites extracted from J. podagrica are scoparone, 3-Acetylaleuritolic acid, fraxidin, japodic acid and erythrinasinate. Seed oil content varies among species from 30-38%. Farming of the Jatropha plant is a promising source of renewable energy (biodiesel oil). Read more>>>>>> 

Averaged and Personalized Mathematical Modeling of Biomechanics of a System Limb-Orthosis

Despite the growing use of orthoses in clinic, sports and everyday life, and availability of a number of medical guides and atlases for orthoses the line of activity, involvingmechanical and mathematical modeling of "Leg-Orthosis" system, is as yet only at the beginning of its development.

Orthosis

Publications relating to modeling limbs orthotics per se (biomechanics of foot and insoles constitutes actually a separate independent area of research) by methods of solid mechanics, are isolated yet, and they relate only to orthosis itself and completely ignore the very limb and its mechanical properties. At the same time such studies are needed to resolve a number of important issues. For example, it is known that the rate of tissue regeneration depends on the loading level and program. It is therefore important to find out whether it is possible to control the limb unloading in an orthosis – for example, through a change in the orthosis lateral compression, etc. Read more>>>>>>>

Effect of (He-Ne) Laser on Etching Parameters of CR-39 Irradiated with Alpha Particles

The effect (He-Ne) laser on the registration properties of alpha particle tracks on CR-39 track detector was studied. CR-39 detectors were exposed to different powers (1, 5 and 10 mW) of He-Ne laser beam at different times (5, 10 and 15 min) and then irradiated to alpha-particles from 226Ra source (laser+α). Track diameters (D), track density

(ρ)    were determined using 6.25 N NaOH at 60°C.

Bulk etching rate (VB), track etching rate (VT), critical angle (Өc), etching efficiency (η), Sensitivity (S), etching ratio rate (V) were calculated.

It’s found increase in the values of (D, ρ, VB, VT and Өc) with increase in the exposure times of laser at each power case, and decrease in the values of (η, S and V) with increase in the exposure time of laser at 1 mw power, while increasing within increase of exposed times of laser at (5 and 10 mW).

The optimum etching time of CR-39 detectors was (4 h) with NaOH etchant solation and 6.25 at temperature 60oC.

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Sporotrichosis: An Infectious Emerging Mycosis of Zoonotic Potential

Sporotrichosis (Berumann`s disease, peat moss disease, rose gardener’s disease, Schenck`s disease) is an infectious, subcutaneous or chronic granulomatous mycotic disease of humans aswell as animals. It is a life- threatening disease in immune compromised patients.

Sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis is considered as an emerging zoonotic fungal disease in many regions of the world. An American researcher Benjamin Schenck is credited to identify the organism for the first time in 1898. The presence of asteroid bodies in pus from cutaneous lesions was first time noticed by Slendore in 1908. In 1920, Ghosh described the first case of sporotrichosis from Kolkata, which established the endemic focus of infection in the North-eastern belt of India. The disease is endemic in many regions of the world including India. Sporotrichosis is a disease of occupational risk, affecting agricultural workers, farmers, gardeners, and mine workers.Read more>>>>>

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Punica granatum L. and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Green synthesis of nanoparticles was done from Punica granatum L. by using Silver nitrate (AgNO3) from the exocarp, mesocarp and the juice of Aarakta, a local variety of Maharashtra, India.

In this work, we have explored an inventive contribution for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the peel (exocarp and mesocarp) and the seed juice of pomegranates. The procedures for development of stable silver nanoparticles were characterized.

The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-Visible spectroscopy. The interaction between nanoparticles with functional groups was confirmed by using FT-IR and PCA was performed. The antimicrobial activity of these pomegranate synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against different microorganisms viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris.

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Laterality and Gender in Congenital Upper Limb Deficiencies

Laterality and gender in congenital upper limb deficiencies have been an area of debate in prosthetics for many years. Images such as the ‘Limbless children, Moscow’ in 1993 by GerdLudwig in the National Geographic showed a line of 8 children, all with left sided congenital upper limb deficiency.

Upper Limb Deficiencies

The line consisted of 6 girls and two boys. Did this picture depict what has been considered by the experts to be true when it comes to congenital upper limb deficiencies – It is more common on the left side and more common in females? A bias towards more left upper limb congenital absences has been commented on in a number of papers in the late 90’s. There appeared to be no conclusive explanation for this preponderance. A paper by Corballis and Morgan in 1979 suggested that the developing embryo is under the influence of a left-right maturational gradient which seems to favour earlier or more rapid development on the left than the right.

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Hadronic Radiation of Biological Molecules

As hadronic radiation therapy becomes an ever more important treatment method for various forms ofcarcinogenesis, it becomes ever more important to understand the interaction of fast, heavy, ions, such as protons or alpha particles, with biologically significant molecules.

Biological Molecules

In general, this implies understanding of the transfer of the kinetic energy of the incoming ion to electronic energy of the target molecule, which can subsequently lead to fragmentation, and thus loss of function, of the carcinogen target. The use of hadronic radiation projectiles instead of X-rays has a large advantage in modern times, as the energy deposited by hadronic projectiles is much more localized than that from X-rays. Thus, energy from the radiation can be much more accurately focused on the carcinogenic area.

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Usage of Pedorthics in Managing Diabetic Foot

Diabetes is no more the developed countries disease, it has spread its roots equally in the developing country, like in India. Diabetes and its complications are now rapidly becomingthe second threat to human longevity.

Diabetic Foot

There are different types of diabetes, but the common affected areas in all cases start with the foot. The insensate foot leads to the largest trend of amputation. Abnormal pressure on the insensate foot plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers. Failure to relieve pressure is the main cause of non-healing diabetic ulcers. Generally, people on a common note feel that wearing footwear prevents and cures diabetes. But different studies have shown that about 83% of diabetic subjects did not wear appropriate footwear. The common foot disorders start with the collapse of the normal foot arch or generally referred to as the flat foot type.

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Salmonellosis and Shigellosis Associated with Cattle Dung Contaminant from Indigenous Abattoirs, Osun State, Nigeria

Faecal shedding of cattle as well as poultry and poultry products have been implicated as a major source of Salmonella infections in humans.

We sourced to isolate and identify Salmonella and Shigella species from cattle dung in different abattoir of Ile-Ife, Nigeria and to detect the route of cross-contamination of Salmonella and Shigella from animals to humans with antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates recovered.

All 40 samples taken were collected from the dung of freshly killed cows which were placed within sterile plastic containers and transported to the Microbiology Laboratory.

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A Sustainable Approach toward Maize Production: Effectiveness of Farm Yard Manure and Urea N

Maize (Zea mays L.) is grown in north western Pakistan mostly in hilly area, where farmer use farm yard manure (FYM) or urea N for its production solely or in combination.

To optimize the FYM and Urea-N for improved productivity, an experiment was carried out using three level of FYM, i.e., 0.5, 10, 15 t ha-1 either solely or in combination with 50 and/or 100 kg N ha-1 and was repeated during next year.

A control plots having no FYM or urea N was also included. The management of FYM and inorganic N had a profound bearing on maize productivity and improved yield and yield traits.

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A Sustainable Approach toward Maize Production: Effectiveness of Farm Yard Manure and Urea N

Maize (Zea mays L.) is grown in north western Pakistan mostly in hilly area, where farmer use farm yard manure (FYM) or urea N for its production solely or in combination.

To optimize the FYM and Urea-N for improved productivity, an experiment was carried out using three level of FYM, i.e., 0.5, 10, 15 t ha-1 either solely or in combination with 50 and/or 100 kg N ha-1 and was repeated during next year.

A control plots having no FYM or urea N was also included. The management of FYM and inorganic N had a profound bearing on maize productivity and improved yield and yield traits.

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Ulcer Healing and Gastroprotective Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Hyoscyamus Albus and Umbilicus Rupestris Leaves against Gastric Injury Caused by Ethanol in Rats

The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extract of Hyoscyamus albus and Umbilicus rupestris against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.

Experimental groups were orally pre-treated with and 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w of methanolic extracts HAMeOH and URMeOH.

Ulcer control group were pre-treated just with absolute ethanol and reference group was orally pretreated with omeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w).

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Sporotrichosis: An Infectious Emerging Mycosis of Zoonotic Potential

Mycotic diseases are being recognized as an important global public health problem of considerable dimension. These diseases occur in sporadic as well as in epidemic form, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

Among several mycoses, sporotrichosis, caused by a thermo-dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, has emerged as an infectious disease in certain regions of the world.

The pathogen infects a wide variety of animals, but the cat is recognized as the pertinent source of sporotrichosis to humans. Humans usually acquire infection following traumatic inoculation of fungal contaminated materials or through bites and scratches by diseased cat.

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Performance of Bottle Gourd Lines in Bangladesh Condition

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Stand.] is a popular winter vegetable in Bangladesh. It belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae.

The cultivated species is commonly known as bottle gourd or white flowered gourd. The climatic condition of winter in Bangladesh favours better growth and yield of bottle gourd.

The average day temperature of 20-27°C with lower night temperature of 18-23°C is optimum for its growth and fruiting. Bottle gourd is widely cultivated throughout the country.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Clinical Sources at Tertiary Health Care Setting, Ile Ife, South Western Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance is majorly an issue of public health concern. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify Escherichia coli from samples of stool and urine obtained from the clinical settings at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, and to determine their antibiotics susceptibility patterns.

Nineteen (19) of stools and 22 of urine samples were analysed using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques and 11 pure isolates were obtained comprised of 5 (12,2%) isolates from urine and 6 (14,6%) isolates from stool.

Antibiotics susceptibility studies were conducted using Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guides.

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Knowledge Retention: A Key Attribute in Organizational Growth

We are living in a world of knowledge revolution today. Every organization and firm is now heading towards a specialized branch of management called knowledge management. Knowledge is something which is stored in the heads of individuals working with in an organization.

Managing such knowledge is a difficult task. However, organizations are able to manage knowledge from their employees and are able to strategize this knowledge for enhancement of employee performance and in turn the organizational performance.

One key aspect of knowledge management is knowledge retention. Retaining knowledge and knowledgeable employees in organizations is the need of the hour for every business firm.

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Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Analysis of Leaf Extract of Pergularia daemia (Forssk) Chiov

In olden days itself the importance of medicinal plants has been discovered. At that time there was no synthetic medicines, they have been using only the herbal medicines to treat all diseases.

From this we can understand that plants are rich in medicinal properties and they are very useful in human health and wellbeing. Biological studies are essential to find more medicinal properties of the plants.

But still the many medicinal plants and their medicinal properties are unexplored. Treating of diseases through natural medicine is the most ancient treatment known to mankind.

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Sporotrichosis: An Infectious Emerging Mycosis of Zoonotic Potential

Mycotic diseases are being recognized as an important global public health problem of considerable dimension. These diseases occur in sporadic as well as in epidemic form, resulting in high morbidity and mortality.

Among several mycoses, sporotrichosis, caused by a thermo-dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, has emerged as an infectious disease in certain regions of the world. The pathogen infects a wide variety of animals, but the cat is recognized as the pertinent source of sporotrichosis to humans.

Humans usually acquire infection following traumatic inoculation of fungal contaminated materials or through bites and scratches by diseased cat. It is predominantly a disease of young people who have frequent contact with saprobic reservoirs.

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Human-Sloth Bear Conflict: Causes and Mitigation Measures in Kota,Rajasthan

The sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) is now considered as endangered by IUCN red list of 2011. In wild habitat it is considered as the most dangerous wild animal because it is unpredictable and often attacks on human in forests.

In the present investigation human sloth bear conflicts were studied in Kota district of Rajasthan, using forest department records, interviews with villagers and surveys within sloth bear habitat. Most of the casualties can be reduced by restricting human entries into sloth bear habitats, avoiding camping and housing in their habitats especially near water sources.

Road accidents are also very common in the present study area as there is a National Highway near the forest area. Active management with local inhabitants will support the conservation of sloth bear.